As a result of this activity, several villages of the region were burnt and their inhabitants killed, especially in the regions south, north and northeast of Adapazarı, as well as south and southeast of Iznik.
The presence of the Hellenic Army in the region from July 1920, limited the activity of the Turkish bands, although in Karamürsel, south of the Gulf of İzmit, some Turkish nationalist groups were still attacking surrounding villages inhabited by Greek populations.
Later, the Hellenic Army in the region, was accused of supporting assaults against some villages east of Beykoz. Accusations included the killing of civilians and the burning of small settlements.[Reports on atrocities in the districts of Yalova and Gemlik and in the Izmit Peninsula, p. 10]
From the spring of 1921, the activity of the Turkish bands increased in the region extending geographically to the south of Izmit, which resulted in the destruction of the Christian villages there.
According to British journalist and latter historian, Arnold Toynbee, as a result of the activities of the Hellenic Army and irregulars, up to 300 persons were killed.[ Toynbee in general omits to notice the conclusion of the Allied commission. Moreover, Winston Churchill, stated that the Greek atrocities were "on a minor scale" compared to the "appalling deportations of Greeks from the Trabzon and Samsun provinces", which were undertaken by the Turkish nationalists in the same year.][
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Partial list of affected settlements
The Allied commission concluded that 35 villages in the region were affected due to the activity of Turkish nationalist bands.[Evdoridou, p. 111-144]
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Fulacık (Greek language: Φουλατζίκ): Looted, burned and population partially massacred. According to Kostas Faltaits who recorded the testimony of one of the survivors, the looting and massacre began on 23 June 1920. Turkish regulars and irregulars were under the command of Kemal, the political administrator of Karamursel. 300 men and boys 14 and older were locked inside the church of St. George before it was doused with petrol and set alight.
[The Genocide of the Greeks in Turkey: Survivor Testimonies from the Nicomedia (Izmit) Massacres of 1920-1921 by Kostas Faltaits 2016 pp 43-51]
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Büyük Saraçlı
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Papuççular (burned)
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Kartepe (Gr: Καρα Τεπέ): Looted, partially burned, town's church bombed, population massacred. According to journalist Kostas Faltaits who interviewed a survivor of the massacre at Kara Tepe, the town was first looted on 15 May 1920. But on 25 March 1921, Kemalists returned and continued the looting and also massacred the population.
[The Genocide of the Greeks in Turkey: Survivor Testimonies from the Nicomedia (Izmit) Massacres of 1920-1921 by Kostas Faltaits 2016 pp 65-69]
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Küplü (Gr: Κιουπλιά): Partial massacre, racketeering, looting, partial deportation to interior.
[Asia Minor Tragedy: An Eye-Witness Testimony by Michail Angelou Kiriakatiki Athens 2013 pp 196-197]
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Iznik (Gr: Nicaea/Νικαία): On 27 August 1920, a large band of Nationalists led by a certain Djemal (otherwise spelt Cemal), surrounded the Greek quarter of Iznik, seized the entire population numbering about 600, and massacred them. No survivors had been found.
[British Reports on Ethnic Cleansing in Anatolia, 1919-1922: The Armenian-Greek Section edited by Vartkes Yeghiayan 2007 page 172]
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Fındıklı (Gr: Φουντούκλια): 4 villages, population partially massacred, looting, rape. According to journalist Kostas Faltaits who interviewed a survivor of the massacre, the events started on 20 June 1920. All 500 homes were burnt and out of 2,500 Christians less than half survived. Girls were raped in front of their mothers. Kemalist soldiers were under the command of Hadji Bey.
[The Genocide of the Greeks in Turkey: Survivor Testimonies from the Nicomedia (Izmit) Massacres of 1920-1921 by Kostas Faltaits 2016 pp 71-74]
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Osmaneli
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Ortaköy: Completely burnt, looting, rape, massacre. According to an eye witness testimony, the majority of the 10,000 Greeks of Ortaköy were massacred. The events began in March 1920 when regular and irregular Kemalist forces arrived under the command of the kaymakam of Geyve, Hamid Bey. Civilians were beheaded and massacred with knives and hatchets.
[The Genocide of the Greeks in Turkey: Survivor Testimonies from the Nicomedia (Izmit) Massacres of 1920-1921 by Kostas Faltaits 2016 pp 91-98]
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Eşme
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Konzes (Gr: Κόνζες): Looted and its inhabitants massacred. According to journalist Kostas Faltaits who interviewed a survivor, the looting and massacre started on 18 February 1921. Djemal (otherwise spelt Cemal) of Nicaea (Iznik) directed the looting and massacre, along with Sekip (the Tax Collector of Karamursel) and other civil servants, officers, lieutenants and corporals. A contingent of the Hellenic Army arrived at Konzes on 20 February 1921 and saw the land covered with corpses, men's and women's clothes, hands, feet, noses, ears and fingers.
[The Genocide of the Greeks in Turkey: Survivor Testimonies from the Nicomedia (Izmit) Massacres of 1920-1921 by Kostas Faltaits 2016 pp 75-80]
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Pamukova
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Düzce
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Bolu
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Karasu, 14 villages (among them Kestane Pınarı, Parali, İncirli, Çoban Yatak, Kirazlı, Kas Başı)
See also
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Outline and timeline of the Greek genocide
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Greek genocide
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Yalova Peninsula Massacres (1920–21)
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List of massacres during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)
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Armenian genocide
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Amasya trials
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List of massacres in Turkey
Sources
